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6
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MONDAY, Oct. 6 / Spanish Question Words - Palabras Interrogativas . Go over the Question Words (What, How, Which, Which ones, Who, Whom, Why, When, Where, How many, and How much / Textbook pg.134). Students will learn how to form and make Questions in Spanish. Explain the different types of questions in Spanish (Textbook / Handout). Complete exercise A ¿Cuántos hay? pg.61, exercise: A & B pg.74, and exercise C pg.75 (Textbook). Write the answers on a piece of notebook paper.
REMINDERS:
-Complete the exercises from the textbook.
-Watch the videos to review Question Words in Spanish.
-Bring a ruler and colored pencils to class on Thursday, Oct. 9.
Lesson for Question Words in Spanish:
Spanish question words, also known as palabras interrogativas, include "¿qué?" (what?), "¿quién?" (who?), "¿dónde?" (where?), "¿cuándo?" (when?), "¿cómo?" (how?), "¿cuál?" (which?), and "¿por qué?" (why?), along with their variations in number and gender, such as cuánto/a/os/as (how much/how many) and quiénes (who - plural). These words are placed at the beginning of a question and require an inverted question mark (¿) at the start of the sentence.
Basic Spanish Question Words
¿Qué?
(What?)
¿Quién?
(Who? - singular)
¿Quiénes?
(Who? - plural)
¿Dónde?
(Where?)
¿Cuándo?
(When?)
¿Cómo?
(How?)
¿Por qué?
(Why?)
¿Cuál?
(Which? - singular)
¿Cuáles?
(Which ones? - plural)
Question Words with Variations
¿Cuánto? / ¿Cuánta? / ¿Cuántos? / ¿Cuántas?
(How much? / How many?)
Cuánto is used for masculine singular nouns.
Cuánta is used for feminine singular nouns.
Cuántos is used for masculine plural nouns.
Cuántas is used for feminine plural nouns.
Examples of Question Words in Use
¿Qué?
- ¿Qué es esto? (What is this?)
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes?
- ¿Quién es tu profesor? (Who is your teacher?)
¿Dónde?
- ¿Dónde está el baño? (Where is the bathroom?)
¿Cuándo?
- ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? (When is your birthday?)
¿Cómo?
- ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
¿Cuál?
- ¿Cuál es tu libro favorito? (Which is your favorite book?)
¿Por qué?
- ¿Por qué preguntas? (Why do you ask?)
¿Cuánto/s?
- ¿Cuántos son? (How many are they?)
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7
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TUESDAY, Oct. 7 / Lesson for Subject Pronouns in Spanish - Los Pronombres Personales en Español: Ch. 2 pp. 94 - 95 (Textbook). Learn the differences b/w the Subject Pronouns "Tú" and "Usted". Watch the videos. Go over Compound Subjects / Sujetos Compuestos pg. 131 (Textbook). Write the information from pg. 131. Go over the information from the handouts posted on Google Classroom. Complete exercise A pg. 96 and exercise B pg. 108 (Textbook).
HOMEWORK: Complete the work from class. REMINDER: Students should keep up with the material on Spanish Subject Pronouns, as it will be included in a later test.
READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
Here is a breakdown of the Spanish subject pronouns:
yo: — I
tú: — you (singular, informal/familiar)
usted: — you (singular, formal)
él: — he
ella: — she
nosotros: — we (masculine or mixed-gender group)
nosotras: — we (all-female group)
vosotros: — you all (plural, informal/familiar, mainly used in Spain)
vosotras: — you all (plural, all-female, informal/familiar, mainly used in Spain)
ellos: — they (masculine or mixed-gender group)
ellas: — they (all-female group)
ustedes: — you all (plural, formal/informal, used in Latin America and for formal situations in Spain)
Key things to remember for beginners:
Gender: Spanish has masculine and feminine forms for "we" and "they".
Formality: You use tú with friends and family, but usted with people you want to show respect to.
Regional Use: Vosotros (and vosotras) is common in Spain but is replaced by ustedes in most of Latin America.
No "It": There is no direct translation for the subject pronoun "it" in Spanish; it's usually implied by the verb ending or context.
11:59 PM
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15
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WEDNESDAY, Oct. 15 / Qtr. II Begins / 1st Week / Lesson for Gender of Nouns in Spanish (Feminine & Masculine nouns) / Los Sustantivos en Español (Los Sustantivos Femeninos y Masculinos). Go over the information from Ch.1 pp. 64, 65, 66 & 67 (Textbook). The information from the textbook will be on the test. Complete the following exercises from the Textbook: “Practica" pg.64 and "Singular y Plural Nouns" pg. 66. Go over “Definite and Indefinite Articles” in Spanish. Go over class notes. Go over a list of Spanish Nouns that do not follow the rules for Feminine and Masculine (Exceptions to the Rule / Handout provided in class).
HOMEWORK: Review material from class today.
REMINDERS: Bring Chromebooks to class tomorrow.
This week, please have your colored pencils, a black pen, and a ruler with you in class.
READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
In Spanish, all nouns are assigned a gender, either masculine or feminine, which affects associated articles and adjectives that must agree with the noun's gender. This grammatical feature, shared with other Romance languages, stems from Latin and is a key difference from English, requiring learners to memorize the gender of each noun or learn common patterns, like masculine nouns often ending in '-o' and feminine nouns in '-a'.
Why are Spanish nouns gendered?
The answer lies in the fact that Spanish evolved from Latin, which also had grammatical gender, a system that was inherited and maintained in Spanish.
Romance Language Heritage: Spanish, like other Romance languages (e.g., French, Italian), has inherited its grammatical gender system from Latin, which also had gendered nouns.
Grammatical Agreement: The gender of a noun isn't just a classification; it mandates that articles (like el for masculine, la for feminine) and adjectives must match the noun in gender and number. For example, "el libro" (the book) vs. "la mesa" (the table).
Common Gender Patterns (Rules of Thumb)
While many genders are arbitrary, some general patterns can help:
Masculine Nouns: Often end in '-o', but exceptions exist. Nouns ending in letters from the acronym LONERS (L, O, N, E, R, S) are also often masculine.
Feminine Nouns: Frequently end in '-a', but there are many exceptions. Other common feminine endings include '-ión', '-dad', '-tad', and '-tud'.
Examples
Masculine: el niño (the boy)
Feminine: la niña (the girl)
Masculine: el sofá (the sofa), where the stressed 'a' indicates a masculine noun despite ending in 'a'.
Feminine: la mano (the hand), an exception to the 'a' ending rule.
11:59 PM
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16
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THURSDAY, Oct. 16 / Review rules for Feminine and Masculine nouns, examples, and exceptions. Go over class notes. Complete the exercises from the handouts. HOMEWORK: Go over the material covered in class this week "Gender of Nouns in Spanish" (Feminine & Masculine nouns / Definite and Indefinite articles). Make sure to learn the exceptions.
GENDER OF NOUNS - READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION.
In Spanish, nouns can be masculine and they can be feminine just like in all romance languages. Nouns are either masculine or feminine, which determines the gender of associated articles and adjectives. While nouns ending in "-o" are usually masculine and those ending in "-a" are typically feminine, there are many exceptions and other ending patterns to learn. For example, words like el día (the day) or el mapa (the map) end in "-a" but are masculine.
General Rules for Noun Gender
Masculine nouns:
Most nouns ending in "-o" are masculine.
el libro (the book)
el hermano (the brother)
Feminine nouns:
Most nouns ending in "-a" are feminine.
la casa (the house)
la hermana (the sister)
Common Noun Endings
Beyond the "-o" and "-a" rule, other endings are also common indicators of gender:
Feminine:
Nouns ending in "-ción", "-sión", "-z" (often), "-d" (often), or "-dad".
Masculine:
Nouns ending in "-ma" (often), "-pa", or "-l".
Exceptions to Remember - Summary
Many nouns, especially for inanimate objects, do not follow the standard ending rules and must be learned individually.
Masculine nouns ending in -a:
el día (the day), el mapa (the map), el planeta (the planet)etc....
Feminine nouns ending in -o:
Some common examples are words that were shortened from their original feminine forms, like la moto (from motocicleta) and la foto (from fotografía).
How Gender Affects Other Words
Articles:
You must use the correct article (definite or indefinite) for the noun's gender.
Masculine: el (the singular), los (the plural), un (a singular), unos (some or a few plural).
Feminine: la (the singular), las (the plural), una (a singular), unas (some or a few plural).
Adjectives:
Adjectives must agree in gender with the noun they modify.
El libro es bueno. (The book is good.)
La casa es buena. (The house is good).
11:59 PM
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REMINDER:
Don't forget your supplies for class tomorrow!
Colored pencils
Black pen
Ruler
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17
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FRIDAY, Oct. 17 / We will continue our unit on Gender of Nouns. During class, watch the assigned videos and record the key information on a separate sheet of paper. Use Chromebooks and headphones in class. Complete two colorful charts. Chart # 1 (Definite Articles in English and Spanish). Chart # 2 (Indefinite Articles in English and Spanish). Use the ruler, black pen, and colored pencils to complete the charts. Follow directions given in class carefully.
Review / Read:
"Spanish noun gender" can be said as "el género de los sustantivos en español".
In Spanish, nouns are assigned either a masculine or feminine gender, which determines the articles and adjectives that are used with them. Knowing the gender is crucial for proper grammar, as it affects words like "the" (el/la/los/las) and "a"/"some - a few" (un/una/unos/unas).
Examples of gender in Spanish nouns:
Masculine: el libro (the book), el sol (the sun)
Feminine: la casa (the house), la mesa (the table)
Why it matters:
Articles: must agree with the noun's gender.
Adjectives: must also match the noun's gender in their endings.
Learning noun genders is a fundamental part of mastering Spanish, and while some rules exist (like nouns ending in "-o" are often masculine and those ending in "-a" are often feminine), you will also need to memorize the gender of many words, especially those that are exceptions to the rules.
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